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Why is Georgia having runoff elections? A beginner's guide to the crucial Senate race

Voted printed papers on white surface

Within the past year we've witnessed voter turnout like no other - but it isn't over yet. On Tuesday, Georgia will hold runoff elections for both U.S. Senate seats and the outcome will determine the control of the Senate. Considering Republicans currently hold a majority at 50-48, I don't need to stress the importance of this particular election.

Many of you have probably heard about the upcoming Senate runoff elections in Georgia. But some of you may still be wondering why exactly they're happening and the significance they hold. Luckily for you, we've got you covered.

So what exactly is a "runoff" election?

In Georgia and Louisiana, a candidate must receive a majority of the popular vote—or more than 50 percent—to win an election. Because neither of the candidates in Georgia received enough votes during this year's election, a second election known as a "runoff" will be held to determine a winner.

According to the U.S. Constitution, one-third of Senate seats are up for election every two years. This system was designed to ensure stability during periods of uncertainty.

Who is running?

At the moment, Georgia Republicans, David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler, hold their seats. If they continue holding their seats, the GOP will have majority control and could potentially block President-elect Joe Biden's agenda and proposals once he's officially in office. However, if opponents Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock win, Democrats would gain control of the Senate. Considering Vice President-elect Kamala Harris will be president of the Senate, she will be able to cast tie-breaking votes, making way for Biden to create significant policy changes.

When is the deadline for voting?

Anyone who is registered to vote in Georgia by December 7 can participate in the runoff. As for absentee ballots, Georgia law doesn't allow no-excuse absentee voting. If received by 7 p.m. on Tuesday, absentee ballots will be counted as valid. In addition, instead of requiring voters to drop absentee ballots at county election offices, the state elections board has agreed to extend a rule allowing counties to provide drop boxes for ballots.

What can we expect?

With early in-person voting beginning Monday, Georgia officials said they're expecting higher than usual turnout based on the amount of absentee ballots returned so far.

According to the U.S. Elections Project, more than 3 million voters in Georgia have cast their ballots in the runoff election. In the November election, 3.9 million ballots had already been cast a day before Election Day. However, in regards to a runoff election, that number is significantly high compared to a general election.

Women founders continue to come up against common challenges and biases

Written by Kelly Devine, Division President UK & Ireland, Mastercard

Starting a business may have historically been perceived as a man’s game, but this couldn’t be further from reality. Research shows women are actually more likely than men to actively choose to start their own business – often motivated by the desire to be their own boss or to have a better work-life balance and spend more time with their family.

The recently published Mastercard Index of Women Entrepreneurship 2021 found that in the category of 'Aspiration Driven Entrepreneurship’ – capturing those who actively choose to start their own business – women in the UK surpass men: 60% vs 56%. And Mastercard research from February 2022 found 10% of female business owners started their business in the past two years compared to 6% of men – meaning women were 67% more likely to have started a business during the pandemic.

Yet, there are common challenges that women founders continue to come up against - not least the gender imbalance in the household and long-held biases which are still prevalent.

In the UK, women are almost three times more likely to be balancing care and home commitments than men, and this was exacerbated during the pandemic as the additional barriers of school closures and lockdowns meant that the care time of dependents rose significantly on a day-to-day level for women. In addition, women were less likely to have access to a home office, greatly impacting the work they were able to accomplish when working from home was the only option.

It's also widely known that female business owners are still more likely to struggle to access funding for their business ideas. According to Dealroom, all-women founding teams received just 1.4% of the €23.7bn invested into UK start-ups in 2021, while all-male leadership teams have taken almost 90% of the available capital.

Without financial support, and when juggling significant time pressures both at home and at work, how can women grow their companies and #BreaktheBias (as this year’s International Women’s Day termed it)? What tools or support can save them time and money, and give them the headspace they need to focus on building their business?

With female owned businesses collectively estimating revenue growth of £120 billion over the next five years, solving this problem is bigger than supporting women – it’s about supporting the national economy.

Using tech to level the playing field

There are clearly societal issues at play that need to be resolved. But when we look at the rise in technology businesses during the pandemic, we can plainly see an alternative source of support critical for business growth: digital tools.

A third of female business owners say new technologies will be crucial to the success of their business in the future and one in five say it is the most important thing for business growth.

With new technology comes new ways to pay, create, and work. And yet there are barriers that prevent business owners accessing this technology. Women are significantly more likely to say they want to use more digital tools but don’t know what is best for their business and also more concerned about the security of digital tools.

When technology is adopted by businesses – whether using online accounting solutions or messenger services for communicating with staff – it saves them time, allows them to maintain and grow their customer base, and ultimately increases cost savings and profit.

By drastically improving the training and support that is available to women-owned business to access and utilise technology we will allow these businesses to grow and succeed. And we know there is demand for it.

Research done by the IFC and Dalberg shows that female entrepreneurs are more likely to invest time and money in business development. This includes product development, customer base expansion, and digital tools and training and there are plenty of services available offering this type of support – many of them for free.

One such programme is Strive UK – an initiative of the Mastercard Center for Inclusive Growth – which aims to reach 650,000 micro and small business owners across the UK and empower them with the tools they need to thrive in the digital economy through free guidance, helpful tools and one-to-one mentoring.

Working together with small business experts – Enterprise Nation, Be the Business and Digital Boost – we hope to ensure hundreds of thousands of UK female business owners have the tools they need to succeed and reach their ambitious goals. Because this ambition remains strong in the UK, with female business owners largely optimistic about the future despite the multitude of challenges they are facing. Four in ten say they will grow their business in the next five years – compared to only a third of male business owners – and they’re also 35% less likely than men to say they plan to downsize or close the business.

But if we do not empower female entrepreneurs to access the tools and technology they need to grow, there is a risk this optimism could be misplaced. Support programmes that provide business owners with guidance and mentorship can help ensure this isn’t the case, allowing female entrepreneurs to not only survive but thrive in the months and years ahead.