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How the US approach to climate change is blocking progress on wildlife trade

Pangolins are now considered the most heavily-trafficked animal in the world.
Photo by World Animal Protection

By: Ben Williamson, Programs Director, World Animal Protection, US

The US is blocking progress on tackling the wildlife trade at the G20 because of an outdated and discredited skepticism of climate change. This is a failure of leadership at the highest level, which is stalling global progress on pandemic preparedness.

In early summer, World Animal Protection launched a global campaign urging the G20 to #EndWildlifeTrade. As we all know by now, the current Covid-19 outbreak is believed to have originated at a live wildlife market in China and transmitted to humans as a result of close proximity between wild animals and people.

The demand for wild animals and wild animal products is a primary cause of the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases, like Covid-19, Ebola, SARS, and MERS. To ensure we reduce the risk of another pandemic like the one we're currently in, global institutions must place mechanisms to develop, facilitate, and implement a ban on the international trade in wild animals and wild animal products.

Negotiations have been going well, for the most part. The Civil 20—a group of civil society organizations from the G20 countries— has adopted language to support a wildlife trade ban. Several countries, such as the UK and Australia, would also like to see more action on this issue. But the US keeps getting in the way.

Driven primarily by the Trump administration's intransigence on anything to do with climate change, the US team is blocking important communiqués from the G20 Agriculture Ministers' meeting (September 12) and Environment Ministers' meeting (September 16) earlier this month. Communiqués are formal messages announced to the public and the press about agreements reached during these meetings. Without the release of those documents, we, as civil society organizations, have no way of holding governments to account for what was said at these meetings.

Through our network of 14 offices worldwide, we understand that strong language that would help curb the wildlife trade and its associated health risks was agreed at these meetings by all countries. In particular, the G20 agriculture ministers agreed to call for "improved monitoring" and "stricter safety and hygiene measures." The G20 environment ministers likewise recognized the wildlife trade's role in increasing disease risk and the need to reverse land degradation and habitat loss to reduce pandemic risks.

But this collaborative acknowledgment—which helps animals, people, and the planet—is unlikely to see the light of day if the US government continues to dig in its heels over acknowledging climate change. Earlier this month, the UN Convention on Biological Diversity released a damning report card showing that humanity is failing to prevent the destruction of wildlife and the ecosystems supporting all life. Global wildlife populations are in freefall, having plunged by more than two-thirds in the last fifty years. And three out of every four new or emerging infectious diseases in people come from animals.

The impact of Covid-19 in terms of loss of human life, physical and mental health, the global economy, livelihoods, and the quality of public life has been utterly devastating and cannot be underestimated. At the time of writing, Covid-19 has led to 32 million confirmed cases and around one million confirmed deaths across more than 200 countries and territories. According to the UN and others' calculations, the Covid-19 pandemic could cost the global economy between US$6 – 8.5 trillion.

The costs to the international community and governments of fighting a global pandemic are vastly higher than the costs of preventing it in the first place, including eliminating the global wildlife trade and funding the coordinated global response needed to bring an end to the international trade of wild animals and wild animal products. It is not the time to block decisive international action to curb the wildlife trade, prevent future pandemics, reduce animal suffering, and protect biodiversity.

Now is the time to demonstrate leadership by taking vital measures to prevent similar emerging infectious diseases developing into pandemics with the associated threats to human life and social and economic well-being.

About World Animal Protection

World Animal Protection is a global animal welfare organization, and we have been moving the world to protect animals for over 55 years. World Animal Protection has General Consultative Status at the United Nations and regularly engages with governments, intergovernmental organizations, corporations, civil society, and the general public on a wide range of animal welfare issues related to animals in communities, animals in disasters, animals in farming and animals in the wild.

Women founders continue to come up against common challenges and biases

Written by Kelly Devine, Division President UK & Ireland, Mastercard

Starting a business may have historically been perceived as a man’s game, but this couldn’t be further from reality. Research shows women are actually more likely than men to actively choose to start their own business – often motivated by the desire to be their own boss or to have a better work-life balance and spend more time with their family.

The recently published Mastercard Index of Women Entrepreneurship 2021 found that in the category of 'Aspiration Driven Entrepreneurship’ – capturing those who actively choose to start their own business – women in the UK surpass men: 60% vs 56%. And Mastercard research from February 2022 found 10% of female business owners started their business in the past two years compared to 6% of men – meaning women were 67% more likely to have started a business during the pandemic.

Yet, there are common challenges that women founders continue to come up against - not least the gender imbalance in the household and long-held biases which are still prevalent.

In the UK, women are almost three times more likely to be balancing care and home commitments than men, and this was exacerbated during the pandemic as the additional barriers of school closures and lockdowns meant that the care time of dependents rose significantly on a day-to-day level for women. In addition, women were less likely to have access to a home office, greatly impacting the work they were able to accomplish when working from home was the only option.

It's also widely known that female business owners are still more likely to struggle to access funding for their business ideas. According to Dealroom, all-women founding teams received just 1.4% of the €23.7bn invested into UK start-ups in 2021, while all-male leadership teams have taken almost 90% of the available capital.

Without financial support, and when juggling significant time pressures both at home and at work, how can women grow their companies and #BreaktheBias (as this year’s International Women’s Day termed it)? What tools or support can save them time and money, and give them the headspace they need to focus on building their business?

With female owned businesses collectively estimating revenue growth of £120 billion over the next five years, solving this problem is bigger than supporting women – it’s about supporting the national economy.

Using tech to level the playing field

There are clearly societal issues at play that need to be resolved. But when we look at the rise in technology businesses during the pandemic, we can plainly see an alternative source of support critical for business growth: digital tools.

A third of female business owners say new technologies will be crucial to the success of their business in the future and one in five say it is the most important thing for business growth.

With new technology comes new ways to pay, create, and work. And yet there are barriers that prevent business owners accessing this technology. Women are significantly more likely to say they want to use more digital tools but don’t know what is best for their business and also more concerned about the security of digital tools.

When technology is adopted by businesses – whether using online accounting solutions or messenger services for communicating with staff – it saves them time, allows them to maintain and grow their customer base, and ultimately increases cost savings and profit.

By drastically improving the training and support that is available to women-owned business to access and utilise technology we will allow these businesses to grow and succeed. And we know there is demand for it.

Research done by the IFC and Dalberg shows that female entrepreneurs are more likely to invest time and money in business development. This includes product development, customer base expansion, and digital tools and training and there are plenty of services available offering this type of support – many of them for free.

One such programme is Strive UK – an initiative of the Mastercard Center for Inclusive Growth – which aims to reach 650,000 micro and small business owners across the UK and empower them with the tools they need to thrive in the digital economy through free guidance, helpful tools and one-to-one mentoring.

Working together with small business experts – Enterprise Nation, Be the Business and Digital Boost – we hope to ensure hundreds of thousands of UK female business owners have the tools they need to succeed and reach their ambitious goals. Because this ambition remains strong in the UK, with female business owners largely optimistic about the future despite the multitude of challenges they are facing. Four in ten say they will grow their business in the next five years – compared to only a third of male business owners – and they’re also 35% less likely than men to say they plan to downsize or close the business.

But if we do not empower female entrepreneurs to access the tools and technology they need to grow, there is a risk this optimism could be misplaced. Support programmes that provide business owners with guidance and mentorship can help ensure this isn’t the case, allowing female entrepreneurs to not only survive but thrive in the months and years ahead.