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The significance behind Black History Month and why we celebrate it throughout February

Rosa Parks gives a speech at the Poor Peoples March in 1968

February tends to be a special month in the United States. Not only because of Valentine's Day festivities, but the month also celebrates Black history, a dedication to commemorate and honor the African Americans who have worked hard and made sacrifices for equality within the nation.

In American history, there were many displays of heroism from African Americans, such as contributions to ending slavery, civil rights, and voting rights. There were also moments of invention like Madam C.J. Walker's hair products, Garrett Morgan's electric automatic traffic signal, and the list goes on.

Despite this, out of all of the months in the year, why is February dedicated to Black History Month? What are the origins? Let's take a look at history.

Carter G. Woodson created Black History Month

Carter G. Woodson, a Harvard-educated historian, was the person who spearheaded Black History Month.

Harvard-educated historian Carter G. Woodson has been noted as the creator of Black History Month. As Woodson carried out his studies, he witnessed the lack of representation of Black people in books and, quite frankly, American history's discourse. It seemed as if African Americans weren't a part of the story, which couldn't be further from the truth.

In 1915, both Woodson and Jesse E. Moorland created the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (known today as the Association for the Study of African American Life and History, (ASALH).

The association was set to advocate for African American studies and highlight the achievements of African Americans. Woodson, who was a part of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity, promoted his efforts through them. As a result, in 1924, "Negro Achievement Week" was created to highlight African Americans' accomplishments.

READ: Opinion: Putting Harriet Tubman on the $20 bill is much needed

Opinion: Putting Harriet Tubman on the $20 bill is much neededconversations.indy100.com

Wanting to expedite the effort to place Harriet Tubman, the revolutionary hero and pioneer of the Underground Railroad on the $20 bill is a sweet gesture. However, I'm not sure how this would solve issues affecting minority communities in the United States.

February was chosen out of respect for President Lincoln and Frederick Douglass' birthdays

Although the fraternity was helpful, Woodson still wanted to make a lasting impact. In 1926, he and the ASALH made the second week of February "Negro History Week."

Frederick Douglass and President Abraham Lincoln have been continuously celebrated within the Black community before "Negro History Week". Since his assassination, Lincoln's birthday (February 12) was recognized by both African Americans and Republicans, so the ASALH cemented the tradition. Douglass (born on February 14) was already respected as an abolitionist and prolific writer, whose legacy will carry on to the very people he worked so hard to free.

Black History Month became official from President Gerald Ford

Within 50 years since the beginning of shedding a positive light on African American communities, schools, clubs, and much more across the nation began to recognize and participate in the week-long celebration. As a result, U.S. cities like Chicago and New York officially declared "Negro History Week." This was critical, especially during the 1960s, with a lot of civil unrest. Many believed the week should become a month-long celebration to highlight African-Americans' trials and triumphant moments.

The ASALH expanded the recognition to "Black History Month", and it became official in 1976 when President Gerald Ford declared Black History Month in his commemorative speech.

"In celebrating Black History Month, we can take satisfaction from this recent progress in the realization of the ideals envisioned by our Founding Fathers," he said. "I urge my fellow citizens to join me in tribute to Black History Month and the message of courage and perseverance it brings to all of us."

Black History continues to be celebrated every February

As the nation continues to honor the pioneers of change such as Maya Angelou, James Baldwin, Rosa Parks, the list goes on. Over a decade later, after Ford's speech, Congress passed a law in 1986 declaring "National Black (Afro-American) History Month." Since 1996, every president continues to make proclamations for African American's contributions to society.

It is incredible and honorable to have a month to appreciate those who worked to make the nation a better place. However, praising the contributions that many times resulted in lives lost or go unnoticed—all for society's betterment—should still be considered and spoken about beyond a time frame.

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Women founders continue to come up against common challenges and biases

Written by Kelly Devine, Division President UK & Ireland, Mastercard

Starting a business may have historically been perceived as a man’s game, but this couldn’t be further from reality. Research shows women are actually more likely than men to actively choose to start their own business – often motivated by the desire to be their own boss or to have a better work-life balance and spend more time with their family.

The recently published Mastercard Index of Women Entrepreneurship 2021 found that in the category of 'Aspiration Driven Entrepreneurship’ – capturing those who actively choose to start their own business – women in the UK surpass men: 60% vs 56%. And Mastercard research from February 2022 found 10% of female business owners started their business in the past two years compared to 6% of men – meaning women were 67% more likely to have started a business during the pandemic.

Yet, there are common challenges that women founders continue to come up against - not least the gender imbalance in the household and long-held biases which are still prevalent.

In the UK, women are almost three times more likely to be balancing care and home commitments than men, and this was exacerbated during the pandemic as the additional barriers of school closures and lockdowns meant that the care time of dependents rose significantly on a day-to-day level for women. In addition, women were less likely to have access to a home office, greatly impacting the work they were able to accomplish when working from home was the only option.

It's also widely known that female business owners are still more likely to struggle to access funding for their business ideas. According to Dealroom, all-women founding teams received just 1.4% of the €23.7bn invested into UK start-ups in 2021, while all-male leadership teams have taken almost 90% of the available capital.

Without financial support, and when juggling significant time pressures both at home and at work, how can women grow their companies and #BreaktheBias (as this year’s International Women’s Day termed it)? What tools or support can save them time and money, and give them the headspace they need to focus on building their business?

With female owned businesses collectively estimating revenue growth of £120 billion over the next five years, solving this problem is bigger than supporting women – it’s about supporting the national economy.

Using tech to level the playing field

There are clearly societal issues at play that need to be resolved. But when we look at the rise in technology businesses during the pandemic, we can plainly see an alternative source of support critical for business growth: digital tools.

A third of female business owners say new technologies will be crucial to the success of their business in the future and one in five say it is the most important thing for business growth.

With new technology comes new ways to pay, create, and work. And yet there are barriers that prevent business owners accessing this technology. Women are significantly more likely to say they want to use more digital tools but don’t know what is best for their business and also more concerned about the security of digital tools.

When technology is adopted by businesses – whether using online accounting solutions or messenger services for communicating with staff – it saves them time, allows them to maintain and grow their customer base, and ultimately increases cost savings and profit.

By drastically improving the training and support that is available to women-owned business to access and utilise technology we will allow these businesses to grow and succeed. And we know there is demand for it.

Research done by the IFC and Dalberg shows that female entrepreneurs are more likely to invest time and money in business development. This includes product development, customer base expansion, and digital tools and training and there are plenty of services available offering this type of support – many of them for free.

One such programme is Strive UK – an initiative of the Mastercard Center for Inclusive Growth – which aims to reach 650,000 micro and small business owners across the UK and empower them with the tools they need to thrive in the digital economy through free guidance, helpful tools and one-to-one mentoring.

Working together with small business experts – Enterprise Nation, Be the Business and Digital Boost – we hope to ensure hundreds of thousands of UK female business owners have the tools they need to succeed and reach their ambitious goals. Because this ambition remains strong in the UK, with female business owners largely optimistic about the future despite the multitude of challenges they are facing. Four in ten say they will grow their business in the next five years – compared to only a third of male business owners – and they’re also 35% less likely than men to say they plan to downsize or close the business.

But if we do not empower female entrepreneurs to access the tools and technology they need to grow, there is a risk this optimism could be misplaced. Support programmes that provide business owners with guidance and mentorship can help ensure this isn’t the case, allowing female entrepreneurs to not only survive but thrive in the months and years ahead.