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Why Dr. Ngozi Okonjo Iweala becoming Director-General of the WTO is historically symbolic

Nigeria's Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala poses for a picture at her home in Potomac, Maryland, near Washington DC, minutes before she is confirmed Monday as the first woman and first African leader of the beleaguered World Trade Organization,on February 15, 2021. - The WTO has called a special general council meeting at which the former Nigerian finance minister and World Bank veteran was formally selected as the global trade body's new director-general. US President Joe Biden strongly swung behind her candidacy shortly after the only other remaining contender, South Korean Trade Minister Yoo Myung-hee, pulled out.
Photo by ERIC BARADAT/AFP via Getty Images

When the WTO announced on its Twitter handle that the former Nigerian Finance Minister had won the General Council's unanimous backing, tears cascaded down my plump cheeks. The process of her confirmation was long and labyrinthine, a function of the trade body's somewhat arcane laws that require unanimity among the influential members.

Dr. Ngozi Okonjo Iweala made it to the final stage, where she faced South Korean candidate Yoo Myung-hee. To get to that stage, she had to beat other candidates, including my country's candidate, Amina Mohamed, a lawyer, diplomat, and politician in Kenya.

Despite the overwhelming support from other members, the Trump administration raised objections to the Nigerian prospect becoming the next WTO Director-General. The Trump administration also argued that she lacked the experience to take the position.

Her massive experience in global economics that she earned at the World Bank, where she had decades of experience, seemed not to be accounted for in the Trump administration.

Thankfully, Americans voted for President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris' progressive agenda. The process of selecting Roberto Azevedo's successor was temporarily postponed because of Trump's objections.

Following Biden's victory, the US dropped its objections, removing the last obstacle to the prospect of Dr. Okonjo Iweala taking the helm at WTO.

Her confirmation is monumental not just because of its historical nature but also because of its symbolic power. Dr.Okonjo Iweala is a Black woman, which sets her apart from her predecessors. This shattering of the glass ceiling will, without a doubt, inspire boys and girls of colour.

They will start believing that your skin or gender should not be an excuse not to try, and they will be encouraged to work towards accomplishing things at the highest levels of global leadership, which is big!

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Women founders continue to come up against common challenges and biases

Written by Kelly Devine, Division President UK & Ireland, Mastercard

Starting a business may have historically been perceived as a man’s game, but this couldn’t be further from reality. Research shows women are actually more likely than men to actively choose to start their own business – often motivated by the desire to be their own boss or to have a better work-life balance and spend more time with their family.

The recently published Mastercard Index of Women Entrepreneurship 2021 found that in the category of 'Aspiration Driven Entrepreneurship’ – capturing those who actively choose to start their own business – women in the UK surpass men: 60% vs 56%. And Mastercard research from February 2022 found 10% of female business owners started their business in the past two years compared to 6% of men – meaning women were 67% more likely to have started a business during the pandemic.

Yet, there are common challenges that women founders continue to come up against - not least the gender imbalance in the household and long-held biases which are still prevalent.

In the UK, women are almost three times more likely to be balancing care and home commitments than men, and this was exacerbated during the pandemic as the additional barriers of school closures and lockdowns meant that the care time of dependents rose significantly on a day-to-day level for women. In addition, women were less likely to have access to a home office, greatly impacting the work they were able to accomplish when working from home was the only option.

It's also widely known that female business owners are still more likely to struggle to access funding for their business ideas. According to Dealroom, all-women founding teams received just 1.4% of the €23.7bn invested into UK start-ups in 2021, while all-male leadership teams have taken almost 90% of the available capital.

Without financial support, and when juggling significant time pressures both at home and at work, how can women grow their companies and #BreaktheBias (as this year’s International Women’s Day termed it)? What tools or support can save them time and money, and give them the headspace they need to focus on building their business?

With female owned businesses collectively estimating revenue growth of £120 billion over the next five years, solving this problem is bigger than supporting women – it’s about supporting the national economy.

Using tech to level the playing field

There are clearly societal issues at play that need to be resolved. But when we look at the rise in technology businesses during the pandemic, we can plainly see an alternative source of support critical for business growth: digital tools.

A third of female business owners say new technologies will be crucial to the success of their business in the future and one in five say it is the most important thing for business growth.

With new technology comes new ways to pay, create, and work. And yet there are barriers that prevent business owners accessing this technology. Women are significantly more likely to say they want to use more digital tools but don’t know what is best for their business and also more concerned about the security of digital tools.

When technology is adopted by businesses – whether using online accounting solutions or messenger services for communicating with staff – it saves them time, allows them to maintain and grow their customer base, and ultimately increases cost savings and profit.

By drastically improving the training and support that is available to women-owned business to access and utilise technology we will allow these businesses to grow and succeed. And we know there is demand for it.

Research done by the IFC and Dalberg shows that female entrepreneurs are more likely to invest time and money in business development. This includes product development, customer base expansion, and digital tools and training and there are plenty of services available offering this type of support – many of them for free.

One such programme is Strive UK – an initiative of the Mastercard Center for Inclusive Growth – which aims to reach 650,000 micro and small business owners across the UK and empower them with the tools they need to thrive in the digital economy through free guidance, helpful tools and one-to-one mentoring.

Working together with small business experts – Enterprise Nation, Be the Business and Digital Boost – we hope to ensure hundreds of thousands of UK female business owners have the tools they need to succeed and reach their ambitious goals. Because this ambition remains strong in the UK, with female business owners largely optimistic about the future despite the multitude of challenges they are facing. Four in ten say they will grow their business in the next five years – compared to only a third of male business owners – and they’re also 35% less likely than men to say they plan to downsize or close the business.

But if we do not empower female entrepreneurs to access the tools and technology they need to grow, there is a risk this optimism could be misplaced. Support programmes that provide business owners with guidance and mentorship can help ensure this isn’t the case, allowing female entrepreneurs to not only survive but thrive in the months and years ahead.