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How Covid-19 is impacting genital mutilation

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It will come as no surprise that Covid-19 has had a grave impact on all forms of gender-based violence, including female genital cutting (FGC). The "shadow pandemic" has occurred as a response to coronavirus and has exacerbated many of the drivers of violence against women and girls.

When it comes to female genital cutting, a practice of which at least 4.1 million girls are at risk annually, stay-at-home orders, school closures, and loss of family livelihoods have had a major impact. As the leader of an organization working in partnership with grassroots groups and activists globally, I've heard story after devastating story of how more girls are being cut as a result of Covid. UNFPA estimates at least 2 million more girls will be cut in the next decade due to pandemic-related programme disruption.

To make matters worse, the funding landscape for this issue is shrinking as resources are diverted to pandemic related interventions - at a time when increased support to end the cut is needed more than ever. When you factor in services for sexual and reproductive health being shut down because they are seen as "non-essential", it's clear to see how dire a situation has come about for girls and women.

However, there is some good news.

We know the best way to create change is from within. Families are increasingly aware of the harm being done to their daughters by cutting, and many would prefer to end the practice. But often, their community is stuck with it because it is a social norm and families who would individually prefer not to have their daughters cut, often fear their daughter will be stigmatized, or find it difficult to get married, unless they too have been cut.

That's why at Orchid Project ,we partner with local organizations and grassroots activists to support community-led approaches to end the cut. We help communities to build shared understanding about the effects of cutting, and help build trust that their daughter will not be socially disadvantaged if she is not cut. Many organizations and people working on the front-lines of the movement to end FGC have faced incredible challenges this year; lack of funds being the most acute of these hurdles. It has also demonstrated inclusion of female genital cutting in emergency response efforts is essential.

READ: The truth behind female genital cutting

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Female genital mutilation is a form of gender based violence and it must be acknowledged

Some organizations we're proud to partner with have been able to pivot their work to prevent girls from being cut, while following Covid safety guidance. In Kenya, SAFE Samburu have gone on a socially-distanced tour in rural Kenya. They screened a series of films sharing human rights messages about the dangers of cutting, as well as information about HIV and Covid. They have also held smaller, socially distanced discussions in homesteads. In the US, our partner Sahiyo turned to digital advocacy to push for change to end cutting within South Asian communities.

A new Artificial Intelligence-driveapp, Mumkin, has also been launched to enable difficult conversations about cutting, especially in Dawoodi, Bohra, and South Asian communities. And others such as the Coalition on Violence Against Women (COVAW) (also in Kenya), have launched radio programming to share resources and information about why girls must remain uncut to ensure their futures.

The radio shows have support telephone lines where listeners can call in asking for help and advice. These interventions are encouraging, but they cannot continue without support and commitment from all. The UN has acknowledged the intersectionality of the Sustainable Development Goals, and how they cannot be achieved without realizing gender equality. Well, we cannot achieve gender equality without ending female genital cutting.

That's why we joined interventions such as the Global Resilience Fund, to ensure FGC is included in Covid responses. The practice must be recognized and included in interventions focused on gender-based violence, adolescent girls' agency, and women's empowerment, to name a few.

Cutting is a barrier to girls' education; it can be a precursor to child marriage, and can inhibit a woman's participation in the economy. With the majority of girls being cut under the age of five, it is also a child rights issue.

When girls remain uncut, they have greater opportunities to go to school, reach their potential and lead healthier, happier lives. If we're to achieve this and the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, we must support grassroots, women-led efforts to end female genital cutting.

There is still time to act, and we must act now.

Grethe Petersen is the CEO of Orchid Project. To learn more about the work her and her team implement, or to get involved, you can visit their website here.

Women founders continue to come up against common challenges and biases

Written by Kelly Devine, Division President UK & Ireland, Mastercard

Starting a business may have historically been perceived as a man’s game, but this couldn’t be further from reality. Research shows women are actually more likely than men to actively choose to start their own business – often motivated by the desire to be their own boss or to have a better work-life balance and spend more time with their family.

The recently published Mastercard Index of Women Entrepreneurship 2021 found that in the category of 'Aspiration Driven Entrepreneurship’ – capturing those who actively choose to start their own business – women in the UK surpass men: 60% vs 56%. And Mastercard research from February 2022 found 10% of female business owners started their business in the past two years compared to 6% of men – meaning women were 67% more likely to have started a business during the pandemic.

Yet, there are common challenges that women founders continue to come up against - not least the gender imbalance in the household and long-held biases which are still prevalent.

In the UK, women are almost three times more likely to be balancing care and home commitments than men, and this was exacerbated during the pandemic as the additional barriers of school closures and lockdowns meant that the care time of dependents rose significantly on a day-to-day level for women. In addition, women were less likely to have access to a home office, greatly impacting the work they were able to accomplish when working from home was the only option.

It's also widely known that female business owners are still more likely to struggle to access funding for their business ideas. According to Dealroom, all-women founding teams received just 1.4% of the €23.7bn invested into UK start-ups in 2021, while all-male leadership teams have taken almost 90% of the available capital.

Without financial support, and when juggling significant time pressures both at home and at work, how can women grow their companies and #BreaktheBias (as this year’s International Women’s Day termed it)? What tools or support can save them time and money, and give them the headspace they need to focus on building their business?

With female owned businesses collectively estimating revenue growth of £120 billion over the next five years, solving this problem is bigger than supporting women – it’s about supporting the national economy.

Using tech to level the playing field

There are clearly societal issues at play that need to be resolved. But when we look at the rise in technology businesses during the pandemic, we can plainly see an alternative source of support critical for business growth: digital tools.

A third of female business owners say new technologies will be crucial to the success of their business in the future and one in five say it is the most important thing for business growth.

With new technology comes new ways to pay, create, and work. And yet there are barriers that prevent business owners accessing this technology. Women are significantly more likely to say they want to use more digital tools but don’t know what is best for their business and also more concerned about the security of digital tools.

When technology is adopted by businesses – whether using online accounting solutions or messenger services for communicating with staff – it saves them time, allows them to maintain and grow their customer base, and ultimately increases cost savings and profit.

By drastically improving the training and support that is available to women-owned business to access and utilise technology we will allow these businesses to grow and succeed. And we know there is demand for it.

Research done by the IFC and Dalberg shows that female entrepreneurs are more likely to invest time and money in business development. This includes product development, customer base expansion, and digital tools and training and there are plenty of services available offering this type of support – many of them for free.

One such programme is Strive UK – an initiative of the Mastercard Center for Inclusive Growth – which aims to reach 650,000 micro and small business owners across the UK and empower them with the tools they need to thrive in the digital economy through free guidance, helpful tools and one-to-one mentoring.

Working together with small business experts – Enterprise Nation, Be the Business and Digital Boost – we hope to ensure hundreds of thousands of UK female business owners have the tools they need to succeed and reach their ambitious goals. Because this ambition remains strong in the UK, with female business owners largely optimistic about the future despite the multitude of challenges they are facing. Four in ten say they will grow their business in the next five years – compared to only a third of male business owners – and they’re also 35% less likely than men to say they plan to downsize or close the business.

But if we do not empower female entrepreneurs to access the tools and technology they need to grow, there is a risk this optimism could be misplaced. Support programmes that provide business owners with guidance and mentorship can help ensure this isn’t the case, allowing female entrepreneurs to not only survive but thrive in the months and years ahead.