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Why is no one talking about the misogynistic and twisted origins behind Valentine's Day?

assorted-color candies and red and white ceramic bowl

Ah yes, it's that time of year again, when Hallmark and chocolate companies see an inflation in their stocks. Then again, it's safe to assume we know nothing about how the stock market functions anymore. We can thank GameStop for that. Each year, on February 14th, the world celebrates a capitalist construct that inevitably forces uncoupled individuals to feel like crap. But you're more familiar with this tradition as Valentine's Day.

For those who have already purchased your box of chocolates and booked a reservation to a fancy restaurant amidst a global pandemic, I bet you didn't know the very tradition you're celebrating has misogynistic origins. Let's unpack this, shall we?

What we know as Valentine's Day was formally known as the ancient Roman feast of Lupercalia, which was celebrated on the 15th of February around A.D. 270, kicking off with the traditional sacrifice of a goat and dog. A group of priests, referred to as the Luperci, would soak the hides of both animals in sacrificial blood and go around whipping young women.

Gee, what fun.

Groups of women would line up to receive this inane form of torture, which they believed would make them more fertile. In addition to the sadistic ritual, a matchmaking lottery was included, where young men drew the names of women from an urn, coupling up for the duration of the festival. This practice would often end in matriomy.

The real, spooky origins of Halloween

The real, spooky origins of Halloweenconversations.indy100.com

How did a spooky Celtic festival transition into the universal tradition we know today as Halloween?

The pagan festival was dedicated to Faunus, the Roman god of agriculture, as well as to the Roman founders Romulus and Remus.

Pope Gelasius eventually replaced the ritual with Valentine's Day. Of course, this didn't stop it from being a day of fertility and love. During the same time, a priest named St. Valentine of Terni went against the emperor Claudius II Gothicus' orders and secretly married young couples in love. But Gothicus believed unmarried men made better soldiers and executed St. Valentine on February 14, around 269 AD.

Because St. Valentine was executed for arranging forbidden marriages, his death is associated as a day of love.

In addition to St. Valentine, the Normans celebrated Galatin's Day, which translates into "lover of women." It was possible the Normans confused it with St. Valentine's Day partially because they sound alike.

Today, Valentine's Day has transformed from a tradition celebrating love, to a billion-dollar industry profiting off the love of others. According to The National Retail Federation, U.S. consumers spend an average of $21.8 billion for the holiday. Red roses and boxes of chocolates have replaced sexist rituals that once promised fertility. It's safe to say our traditions have evolved over the years.

However, we can't exclude the fact Valentine's Day originated from the depths of sexism and misogyny, and the modern customs we associate with it feed into capitalism. That's great if people want to celebrate their love through purchasing commodities to gift to their loved ones. But wouldn't it be more practical to treat your partner with respect and appreciation instead?

Not a sermon, just a thought.

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Women founders continue to come up against common challenges and biases

Written by Kelly Devine, Division President UK & Ireland, Mastercard

Starting a business may have historically been perceived as a man’s game, but this couldn’t be further from reality. Research shows women are actually more likely than men to actively choose to start their own business – often motivated by the desire to be their own boss or to have a better work-life balance and spend more time with their family.

The recently published Mastercard Index of Women Entrepreneurship 2021 found that in the category of 'Aspiration Driven Entrepreneurship’ – capturing those who actively choose to start their own business – women in the UK surpass men: 60% vs 56%. And Mastercard research from February 2022 found 10% of female business owners started their business in the past two years compared to 6% of men – meaning women were 67% more likely to have started a business during the pandemic.

Yet, there are common challenges that women founders continue to come up against - not least the gender imbalance in the household and long-held biases which are still prevalent.

In the UK, women are almost three times more likely to be balancing care and home commitments than men, and this was exacerbated during the pandemic as the additional barriers of school closures and lockdowns meant that the care time of dependents rose significantly on a day-to-day level for women. In addition, women were less likely to have access to a home office, greatly impacting the work they were able to accomplish when working from home was the only option.

It's also widely known that female business owners are still more likely to struggle to access funding for their business ideas. According to Dealroom, all-women founding teams received just 1.4% of the €23.7bn invested into UK start-ups in 2021, while all-male leadership teams have taken almost 90% of the available capital.

Without financial support, and when juggling significant time pressures both at home and at work, how can women grow their companies and #BreaktheBias (as this year’s International Women’s Day termed it)? What tools or support can save them time and money, and give them the headspace they need to focus on building their business?

With female owned businesses collectively estimating revenue growth of £120 billion over the next five years, solving this problem is bigger than supporting women – it’s about supporting the national economy.

Using tech to level the playing field

There are clearly societal issues at play that need to be resolved. But when we look at the rise in technology businesses during the pandemic, we can plainly see an alternative source of support critical for business growth: digital tools.

A third of female business owners say new technologies will be crucial to the success of their business in the future and one in five say it is the most important thing for business growth.

With new technology comes new ways to pay, create, and work. And yet there are barriers that prevent business owners accessing this technology. Women are significantly more likely to say they want to use more digital tools but don’t know what is best for their business and also more concerned about the security of digital tools.

When technology is adopted by businesses – whether using online accounting solutions or messenger services for communicating with staff – it saves them time, allows them to maintain and grow their customer base, and ultimately increases cost savings and profit.

By drastically improving the training and support that is available to women-owned business to access and utilise technology we will allow these businesses to grow and succeed. And we know there is demand for it.

Research done by the IFC and Dalberg shows that female entrepreneurs are more likely to invest time and money in business development. This includes product development, customer base expansion, and digital tools and training and there are plenty of services available offering this type of support – many of them for free.

One such programme is Strive UK – an initiative of the Mastercard Center for Inclusive Growth – which aims to reach 650,000 micro and small business owners across the UK and empower them with the tools they need to thrive in the digital economy through free guidance, helpful tools and one-to-one mentoring.

Working together with small business experts – Enterprise Nation, Be the Business and Digital Boost – we hope to ensure hundreds of thousands of UK female business owners have the tools they need to succeed and reach their ambitious goals. Because this ambition remains strong in the UK, with female business owners largely optimistic about the future despite the multitude of challenges they are facing. Four in ten say they will grow their business in the next five years – compared to only a third of male business owners – and they’re also 35% less likely than men to say they plan to downsize or close the business.

But if we do not empower female entrepreneurs to access the tools and technology they need to grow, there is a risk this optimism could be misplaced. Support programmes that provide business owners with guidance and mentorship can help ensure this isn’t the case, allowing female entrepreneurs to not only survive but thrive in the months and years ahead.