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The matriarchal societies around the world that embrace the power of womanhood

Tribal Khasi maiden
Getty Images.

A few days ago, I was scrolling through YouTube videos in the spirit of women's history month and all of the empowering and amazing things that women have and continue to do. As a result, I stumbled across VICE Life's mini-documentary titled "The Land Of No Men: Inside Kenya's Women-Only Village."

I was instantly intrigued by the documentary, which chronicled women who found refuge, inspiration, and community amongst each other on the quest for independence.

When I finished watching the segment, my eagerness to find out if any other societies around the world are matriarchal was in full momentum. And the findings were exquisitely powerful and humbling.

Below are some matriarchal societies around the world that embrace the power of womanhood.

Umoja

For over 500 years, the Samburu people in northern Kenya have maintained a strictly patriarchal society.

That all changed in 1990 when Rebecca Lolosoli, a Samburu woman, founded the Umoja village. The village, which is essentially a no man's land ( men are permitted to visit but aren't allowed to live there), serves as a haven for women and girls who no longer wanted to suffer from abuses such as forced marriages to men that may be older than them, genital mutilation, and violence against them for going against the grain.

When finding out the word Umoja, which means unity in "Swahili," it made me think of the lengths women embark on to become a united force which is a beautiful thing.

Mosuo

For over 2,000 years, the Mosuo people, one of the 56 recognized ethnic groups in China, have lived in the Sichuan and Yunnan provinces.

One Mosuo woman is elected as the head matriarch of a household, that is usually made up of several families. The Women within the households carry on the family name. Additionally, the head matriarchs of each village govern the region by committee. We love to see women in governance!

However, another unique and interesting cultural tradition of the Mosuo people is zouhun, or "walking marriages."

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After a coming-of-age ceremony in adolescence, the Mosuo females have the right to choose their lovers and the free will to have as many lovers as they want throughout their lives.

In these "marriages," the men visit the woman's home by invitation and stay the night in a designated flower room. The men then leave at daybreak to return to their own home as couples don't live together.

If babies are produced, they are reared exclusively in the woman's family, with her brothers and uncles playing the fatherly role.

There are reportedly 56,000 Mosuo people in China's general population of 1.3 billion.

BriBri

The BriBri people are an indigenous group of people that live in the Talamanca region in the Limón province of Costa Rica. Known as " hidden people," they are isolated from the rest of the country deep in the rainforest and are considered the largest indigenous population in Costa Rica.

The women are the only ones to traditionally inherit land and prepare the sacred cacao drink used for religious purposes in this society. Men can only be an "awa"(shaman) in these spiritual practices.

Furthermore, a smaller population lives in Bocas del Toro, Panama.

Khasi

In Meghalaya, northeast India, the Khasi people are an indigenous tribe known for their matriarchal society. The women work outside while men are supposed to stay inside and tend to the house duties. When it comes to children, only mothers and mothers-in-law are allowed to look after the children. Men aren't even supposed to come to family gatherings.

Similar to the Mosuo, when a Khasi woman gets married, she keeps her last name instead of changing it to her husband's.

The Khasi are also located in the bordering state of Assam and certain areas in Bangladesh.

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Women founders continue to come up against common challenges and biases

Written by Kelly Devine, Division President UK & Ireland, Mastercard

Starting a business may have historically been perceived as a man’s game, but this couldn’t be further from reality. Research shows women are actually more likely than men to actively choose to start their own business – often motivated by the desire to be their own boss or to have a better work-life balance and spend more time with their family.

The recently published Mastercard Index of Women Entrepreneurship 2021 found that in the category of 'Aspiration Driven Entrepreneurship’ – capturing those who actively choose to start their own business – women in the UK surpass men: 60% vs 56%. And Mastercard research from February 2022 found 10% of female business owners started their business in the past two years compared to 6% of men – meaning women were 67% more likely to have started a business during the pandemic.

Yet, there are common challenges that women founders continue to come up against - not least the gender imbalance in the household and long-held biases which are still prevalent.

In the UK, women are almost three times more likely to be balancing care and home commitments than men, and this was exacerbated during the pandemic as the additional barriers of school closures and lockdowns meant that the care time of dependents rose significantly on a day-to-day level for women. In addition, women were less likely to have access to a home office, greatly impacting the work they were able to accomplish when working from home was the only option.

It's also widely known that female business owners are still more likely to struggle to access funding for their business ideas. According to Dealroom, all-women founding teams received just 1.4% of the €23.7bn invested into UK start-ups in 2021, while all-male leadership teams have taken almost 90% of the available capital.

Without financial support, and when juggling significant time pressures both at home and at work, how can women grow their companies and #BreaktheBias (as this year’s International Women’s Day termed it)? What tools or support can save them time and money, and give them the headspace they need to focus on building their business?

With female owned businesses collectively estimating revenue growth of £120 billion over the next five years, solving this problem is bigger than supporting women – it’s about supporting the national economy.

Using tech to level the playing field

There are clearly societal issues at play that need to be resolved. But when we look at the rise in technology businesses during the pandemic, we can plainly see an alternative source of support critical for business growth: digital tools.

A third of female business owners say new technologies will be crucial to the success of their business in the future and one in five say it is the most important thing for business growth.

With new technology comes new ways to pay, create, and work. And yet there are barriers that prevent business owners accessing this technology. Women are significantly more likely to say they want to use more digital tools but don’t know what is best for their business and also more concerned about the security of digital tools.

When technology is adopted by businesses – whether using online accounting solutions or messenger services for communicating with staff – it saves them time, allows them to maintain and grow their customer base, and ultimately increases cost savings and profit.

By drastically improving the training and support that is available to women-owned business to access and utilise technology we will allow these businesses to grow and succeed. And we know there is demand for it.

Research done by the IFC and Dalberg shows that female entrepreneurs are more likely to invest time and money in business development. This includes product development, customer base expansion, and digital tools and training and there are plenty of services available offering this type of support – many of them for free.

One such programme is Strive UK – an initiative of the Mastercard Center for Inclusive Growth – which aims to reach 650,000 micro and small business owners across the UK and empower them with the tools they need to thrive in the digital economy through free guidance, helpful tools and one-to-one mentoring.

Working together with small business experts – Enterprise Nation, Be the Business and Digital Boost – we hope to ensure hundreds of thousands of UK female business owners have the tools they need to succeed and reach their ambitious goals. Because this ambition remains strong in the UK, with female business owners largely optimistic about the future despite the multitude of challenges they are facing. Four in ten say they will grow their business in the next five years – compared to only a third of male business owners – and they’re also 35% less likely than men to say they plan to downsize or close the business.

But if we do not empower female entrepreneurs to access the tools and technology they need to grow, there is a risk this optimism could be misplaced. Support programmes that provide business owners with guidance and mentorship can help ensure this isn’t the case, allowing female entrepreneurs to not only survive but thrive in the months and years ahead.